URINE ADULTERATION. WHAT IT IS & HOW TO
RESOLVE PROBLEMS:
Adulteration is the intentional
tampering with a urine sample by the
donor to avoid detection of illicit drug
use. Successful adulteration produces a
false-negative drug test result.
Adulterants have often been used to mask
the presence of an illicit drug and thus
cheat a drug test. Because most urine
collection procedures do not involve
direct supervision, it is possible to
add adulterants after specimen
collection. Household chemicals, such as
bleach, acid, vinegar, lemon juice, eye
drops and table salt are routinely used
to beat drug tests. These agents can
cause false negative test results from
the immunoassays used in urine drugs of
abuse testing. However, specimen
integrity tests can detect the presence
of such adulterants because of altered
pH, specific gravity and/or temperature.
More recently, commercial adulterants
with names like Stealth, Klear and Urine
Luck have become available on the
Internet. These adulterants, when added
to urine, can cause false negative
results in drugs-of-abuse immunoassays,
as well as in some gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
confirmation tests. These commercial
adulterants some times cannot be
detected by routine specimen integrity
testing. Recently, however, spot tests
have been described to detect these
adulterants.
In the U.S., amphetamines, cocaine,
Cannabinoids, opiates, barbiturates,
benzodiazepines, methadone, Methaqualone
and phencyclidine (PCP) are the most
widely abused drugs.
A negative urine drug test does not mean
that the person who donated the urine
has never abused any drug. If the drug
exposure occurred before the drug's
window of detection, the test may be
negative, or the concentration of drug
may be so low that it is below the
tests' sensitivity and thus cannot be
positively identified. Designer drugs
like 3 4-methylene-dioxyamphetamine
(MDA) and 3
.4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA,
Ecstasy) are also abused.
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HOW TO
DETECT URINE ADULTERATION
Knowing how easy it is to tamper
with urine samples and alter
test results. The first
objective is to find out if the
urine sample is legitimate.
Color: If a urine sample looks
clear, one can suspect that it's
watered down and may reject the
sample and inform the employer
about an adulteration attempt.
Temperature: Urine should be
between 91 and 97 degrees. NIDA
certified labs will verify
temperature. If it isn't, it is
a possibility that water has
been added to the cup or a
substitution has been added.
Creatinine: Creatinine is a
substance produced by
vertebrates, and it shows up in
urine. If someone substitutes
their urine with something other
than urine, like Mountain Dew,
they will test negative for
drugs. The testee will most
likely not get away with it
because Mountain Dew contains
zero creatinine, and an
adulterant test detects
creatinine levels to ensure that
the sample is valid. Creatinine
levels drop below normal when
people dilute their urine. This
tests to ensure that the subject
didn't drink unusual amounts of
water.
pH: pH is often changed when
people spike their sample with
household products.
Specific gravity: An unusual
specific gravity indicates that
a sample has been tampered with.
Age: Age can not be tested using
urine. There is a rumor that
approximate age can be detected
in urine, and is tested in
medical insurance exams. It's a
myth. Gender: Gender cannot be
tested either. As with age,
there is a rumor that gender can
be detected in urine, and is
tested in medical insurance
exams. It's another myth. It may
be argued that a pregnancy test
can be used to detect the gender
of the urine provider, but the
same test is used to detect
prostate cancer in males.
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Steps To Take That Will Ensure
Specimen Validity
Direct observation of the donor
as he/she provides the sample is
a foolproof way to prevent
specimen substitution or the
direct addition of foreign
substances to the sample.
However, direct observation is
commonly considered an
infringement of individual
privacy and is rarely done,
especially in pre-employment and
other workplace testing. |
Other Preventive Measures You
Should Take
Federal guidelines suggest, for
example, that donors not be
permitted to wear coats or bulky
clothing or carry purses when
giving samples, that they
present adequate identification
before giving samples, and that
sample temperature be
immediately tested. The
collection area, usually a
restroom, can be secured by
turning off the hot water tap,
putting a coloring agent in the
toilet bowl, and inspecting the
area for concealed adulterants.
Donors can be required to wash
their hands just before giving a
sample, hampering their ability
to conceal adulterants in the
palm of their hand or even under
the fingernails. |
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Adulteration Detection Products
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Restore Urine Validity With Adulteration
Screens:
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iScreen Adulteration
Strips (6) - Bottle of
25
iScreens Drug
Adulteration Strips are
a fast dip-and-read test
for the determination of
diluted or adulterated
urine specimens. They
are an important
prescreening test for
any drug testing
program.
$ 20.97 |
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iCup Drug Screen (4) AD
iCup Drug Screen. 4
Panel. Now with AD.
[I-DUA-147-012 COC, THC,
OPI, mAMP] 25 Cups Per
Box. E-Z Urine Drug Test
Cup. The iCup Drug
Screen Cup is the
simplest, self-contained
on-step drug test.
Results are visible
within minutes. A
positive result is
indicated with one line
and a negative result
with two. An additional
bonus with the iCup is
that you may photocopy
the results allowing you
to maintain a visual
record of the test. For
Clinical, Employee,
Random, Student Drug
Testing.
$ 137.50 |
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iCup Drug Screen (5) AD
iCup Drug Screen. Five
panel icup drug screen.
[COC, THC, OPI, mAMP,
AMP] [COC, THC, OPI,
PCP, AMP] or [COC, THC,
OPI, PCP, mAMP] 25 Cups
Per Box. iCup can be
used as an on-site
Multi-drug test cup. The
iCup Drug Screen Cup is
the simplest,
self-contained on-step
drug test. Results are
visible within minutes.
Drug testing for
Pre-employment, Random,
workplace screening
device. available
products: icup3 , icup
4, icup 5, icup 6, icup
8, icup 9, icup 10 panel
test cups.
$ 150.00 |
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iCup Drug Screen (8) AD
iCup Drug Screen. Eight
panel. 25 Cups Per Box.
iCup 8 panel multi-drug
test cup . The iCup Drug
Screen Cup is the
simplest, self-contained
on-step drug test.
Results are visible
within minutes. A
positive result is
indicated with one line
and a negative result
with two lines. Drug
test cups. ICup 3, iCup
5, iCup 6, iCup 9, iCup
10 drug screen. iCup
drug screen and EZ key
cup. EZ 5 cup, 6-10
panel test cup. Low low
prices & fast results..
$ 175.00 |
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iCup Drug Screen (9) AD
iCup Drug Screen nine
panel icup drug screen.
The iCup multi-drug test
cup is the simplest,
self-contained on-step
drug test. You can use
iCup drug test for
employee, random &
clinical pre-screening
testing. Rapid Detect
also makes available
other cups like key drug
test cup. The key drug
test cup provides an all
inclusive screening
process that assures
specimen contamination.
iCup Drug Screen 3-10
Drug Parameters. icup 3,
icup 4, icup 5, icup 6,
icup 8, icup 10.
$ 193.75 |
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